By Siegmar-Walter Breckle und Mohammad Daud Rafiqpoor - Vegetation, soil and climate are the most important components of ecological systems. The book provides a concise synthesis of our current knowledge of the Earth's ecology and thus provides the basis for understanding the broader contexts and relationships in a global perspective. The well- introduced book, with a rich setting of figures, maps, and photographic material, deals in the first part with the essential processes and interactions on the earth's surface which lead to the formation of the vegetation eover with their distinctive zonation. In the second part, accor ding to certain criteria, the individual vegetation zones are described compara tively as large ecosystems (i.e. Zonobioms of the Biosphere). In a short and compact form, the main characteristics and structures as well as examples of ecosystem processes are discussed. The large ecosystems are at the same time also the basis and reference system for all anthropogenic changes that have altered the vegetation cover in the last millennia, but especially in the 20th century.

Mehr lesen auf researchgate.net

Von Azam Dadfar - Das erste von vier Kapiteln beinhaltet Grundlagen und Theorien der Psychologie und Persoenlichkeitsentwicklung und begutachtet gemeinsame Ansichtspunkte von westlichen und orientalischen Wissenschaftlern und Philosophen insbesondere ueber Instinkte, Persoenlichkeitsstrukturen, innere Konflikte und psychische Verteidigungsmechanismen . Im zweiten Kapitel wird der Einfluss von Erziehung und Umwelt auf die Persoenlichkeitsentwicklung aus dem Gesichtspunkt verschiedener psychologischer Schulen (nature vs. nurture) erlaeurtert. Das dritte Kapitel befasst sich mit der Rolle und den Konsequenzen einer strengen  patriarchalischen  Erziehung  in der Vorurteils-, Identitaets- und Persoenlichkeitsentwicklung in einer vielstaemmigen Gesellschaft wie Afghanistan. Das vierte Kapitel beschreibt psychische Stoerungen, die unter extremen Umweltbedingungen, z.B. Krieg, Flucht, andauernde soziale Unsicherheit, Armut und verschiedene traumatische Erfahrungen hervorgerufen wurden. Obwohl es bisher keine genauen statistischen Angaben ueber psychische Stoerungen und deren Klassifikation in Afghanistan gibt, wurde hier versucht diese aus einem sozialpsychologischen Gesichtspunkt zu erlaeurte rn. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hier auf psychische Stoerungen, die wegen ihrer negativen sozialen Wirkung bedeutsam sind, z.B. Borderline Persoenlichkeitsstoerung, narzissistische Persoenlichkeitsstoerung, posttraumatische Stressstoerung, boesartige Aggression, Abhaengigkeitssyndrom, Hass und destruktives Verhalten, antisoziale Verhaltensstoerung (Psychopathie).

By Siegmar-Walter Breckle, Ian Charles Hedge, Mohammad Daud Rafiqpoor - This book, written mainly in English, partly in Dari, gives a synoptic overview of all the known  vascular plants in Afghanistan. It is the fi rst augmented checklist for the country and was compiled from many information sources, recent and old, especially Flora Iranica (1963 ff.). It is a  natural follow-up to the profusely illustrated Field Guide Afghanistan (BRECKLE & RAFIQPOOR, 2010). Among its many attributes, the checklist enables us to state, with some confi dence, that  the total number of Afghan vascular plant species is about 5,000, a considerably higher total  than previously thought; species endemism is c. 24 %. The alphabetical sequence of taxa, fami- lies and general, the photographs and the tabular presentation of data make it user friendly for every body, not just taxonomists. The distribution maps serve different purposes even though, at this stage of our knowledge, they are inevitably a fi rst step and are, for example, an incentive for local botanists to make them more defi nitive. They also draw attention to the endemics. Likewise, the detailed nomenclatural and literature information provide a strong and accurate framework for any kind of future research and the conser vation management of the rich and varied plant life of Afghanistan.

Read more on researchgate.net

By Siegmar-Walter Breckle and Mohammad Daud Rafiqpoor - This book, written in English and Dari, gives a comprehensive overview of the plant cover of Afghanistan. It is the first Field Guide and Pictorial Flora of Afghanistan ever published. From the hot lowland deserts to the cold snow belt of the Hindu Kush and to the monsoon influenced region in the E, this beautiful mountainous country harbours more than 4,000 species of vascular plants, many endemic and unique. The introductory part deals with the physical nature of the country, flora and vegetation, economic plants, ecology and nature conservation. There are also chapters on plant morphology and systematics, research tools, how to collect plants, as well as a com- prehensive bibliography. In the pictorial part, more than 1,200 species are illustrated. The species are arranged in 4 main groups (pteridophytes, gymnosperms, dicots, monocots) and, within them, alphabetically by family and genus. Each plant species has a complementary brief description giving basic information on local and general distribution, ecology, life-form, flower and other interesting or relevant comments. The book is aimed at anyone, student or layman, who wants an introduction to the coun- try's rich vegetation. The year 2010 was declared the UN International Year of Biodiversity. The publication of this Field Guide is a meaningful contribution to this occasion and now is the appropriate time for its distribution among Afghan schools, universities and institutes.

Read more on researchgate.net